Pens and ink in their diversified forms are thousands of senescence out of date. They keep been used to autograph documents that transformed cosmos legend and to decorate succeeding editions of The Bible. Over eternity, pens have become less messy and expanded portable. The ingredients for ink gain eventually be deeper permanent and besides colourful.
Predecessors
Before pen and ink, the Romans used increase tablets for writing. A thin layer of broaden was placed on a wooden surface and scribes carved into the develop with metal or bone styluses. The rear heel of the stylus was fitted with a Apartment lodgings surface for re-leveling the surface for repeat practice. In parts of Asia, brushes were used for portrayal, calligraphy and writing with ink make-believe from carbon nigrescent, oil or hose. He did this in Argentina under an Argentine patent. It was still several years before the ballpoint overtook the popularity of the fountain pen.
The most broadly used writing instrument for almost a millennium, the quill pen was used to bang out such historical documents as the Magna Carta and the Declaration of Independence. The tail feathers of geese were considered most convertible to the pen. The feather needed preparation before it could be used to author. Normally, most or all of the fuzz was removed from the feather to chargeless amplitude for the artisan obtain. The bound of the feather was abbreviate to a beneficial stop where a slice was abbreviate To admit a reservoir of ink To collect. The quill pen required the writer to dip its location in ink after every border or so. Ink for the pen was make-believe from baptize or oil mixed with carbon black, indigo, berries, or ink culled from squid.
Steel Point Pen
The early 19th century axiom the advent of the steel point pen. It worked in in agreement way as a quill pen, but was fashioned from steel. It resembled a fountain pen, but was sold separately from the grip, had no reservoir, and still required repeated dipping into an ink holder. Its prominence was short-lived but opened the way to development of the fountain pen.
Fountain Pen
A Muslim caliph in present-day Egypt is said To possess commissioned the invention of an pen with an ink reservoir shortly before 1000 A.D., but no physical artifact exists of the instrument. The oldest fountain pen still in existence was created by M. Bion in 1702 for King Louis XIV. In the late 19th century Lewis Waterman, an insurance salesman, invented what would become the most popular fountain pen in modern use. A three channel feed under the point exchanged ink and air to avert leaking and uneven script.
Ballpoint Pen
The ink in use for fountain pens during the early 20th century took a long time to dry. However, the ink being used for printing newspapers dried more quickly and was relatively smear free. The inventor of the ballpoint pen, a Hungarian, Laszlo Biro realized that the ink used for newspapers was too thick for use with a fountain pen and so he set out to re-invent pen design. Although others are credited with the invention of the ballpoint pen device, Biro was the first to mass produce and sell ballpoint pens in 1944. The invention of paper brought the creation of pen and ink as we be schooled them, early in the contour of quill pens made from bird feathers. The English discussion, "pen" is derived from the Latin confab for feather, "penna."
